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A crucial and complex requirement for the SKA antenna is the coherent combination of the incoming astronomical data collected by the individual receptors remotely located. The SKA telescope array will be coherently connected using optical fibre across an area of approximately 3000 km. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be an interferometric, ultrasensitive radio astronomy instrument with an aperture array of one million square metres.
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Sensor designs and performance will be presented as well as their characterization in several applications. It allows to image the neural activity inside the head with high spatial and temporal resolution. The highest sensitivities are required in magnetoencephalography (MEG), where the magnetic fields are recorded with a sensor array arranged around the head of a subject. These magnetometers are used for magnetic imaging applications in applications ranging from biomagnetic imaging of the heart and brain, to geophysical imaging and magnetic anomaly detection. Our effort focusses on miniaturizing these OPMs with sensitivities approaching those of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers. The spins precess in a magnetic field and the precession frequency is a measure of the magnetic field. Optically-Pumped magnetometers (OPMs), also called atomic magnetometers, use light to polarize atomic spins of atoms.
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Several miniaturized Quantum Sensors use laser spectroscopy of atoms to achieve very good performance.